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This invention uses new, biodegradable materials to build solar cells on cellulose nanocrystal substrates and increase energy efficiency.
About
Researchers from the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Georgia Tech have developed a new substrate for organic solar cells made of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) synthesized from renewable feedstocks. CNC composite films combine a low density with a high tensile strength, a high elastic modulus, and a low coefficient of thermal expansion. Upon process optimization, they can withstand up to 350°C, which makes them compatible with organic semiconductors processing. Their very low roughness (1.8 nm) and their good transparency make CNC substrates well suited for photovoltaic applications. With a power conversion efficiency of 2.7%, the electrical performance of the first organic solar cells on CNC substrates are encouraging, especially when compared to similar devices made on glass and with more optimization options to explore. Those solar cells were easily recycled at room temperature, first immersing them in water, in which the CNC substrate disperses. The photoactive layer was thereafter removed in chlorobenzene, leaving as solid residues the metal electrodes (Ag and MoO3). Furthermore, burning of the solar cells left only a residue of ashes with metal components, which is an improvement over toxic fumes generated by plastic combustion.
Key Benefits
Solar cells are recyclable through a low-energy process at room temperature. Cellular nanocrystals (CNC) substrates are fully biodegradable and made of renewable sources such as wood and have ideal optical and morphological properties combining high transparency with a very low roughness. CNC also substrates exhibit excellent mechanical properties: low density, high tensile strength, high elastic modulus and low coefficient of thermal expansion.
Applications
This invention could be useful in applications requiring low-cost, light weight and/or flexible power supply, such as consumer electronics and home appliances. It could be used where a short-lived, disposable or biodegradable power source is needed in applications ranging from printed electronics, architecture (BIPV) to wearables or even to power sensors for Internet of Thing applications.