Photoelectrochemical

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Summary This invention tackles the longstanding challenges of using TiO2 as a practical photocatalyst for H2 generation and uses 2-dimensional nanonets (flexible webbings of nanoscale wires made from two abundant and inexpensive elements (titanium and silicon) that significantly increase the surface area leading to improved conductivity.  Background Graphite is the most popular anode material for today’s lithium-ion batteries. Although silicon shows ten times more storage capacity than graphite and has been studied as an alternative material, it breaks down quickly due to quick absorption and expansion. Our inventors have developed strategies to confront this challenge through rational material design and precise synthesis control. They explore the complex functionalities that may be obtained by combining multiple material components through homo- or hetero-junctions, and have produced a number of material combinations aimed at solving fundamental challenges common in inorganic semiconductors such as poor charge collection, mismatch of energy levels, and weak light absorption. These novel materials can also be used for solar hydrogen conversion. They consist of properties of light absorption, charge separation, chemical stability, and catalytic activity.