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ketamine analogues with much shorter half-lives would be preferred and could avoid the concomitant use of sedatives and hypnotics.
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Summary: Ketamine is the only highly effective non-opioid anaesthetic and analgesic drug. It has major advantages over opioids (e.g., codeines, fentanyls) in that it shows no respiratory depression or hyperalgesic effects, and is also free of longer term effects such as increased tolerance. Ketamine is primarily an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor antagonist with profound sympathomimetic properties. It has a rapid onset of action (distributive time only,